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max-width: 571px; height: auto; max-height: 418px;margin:auto"><br></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><strong></strong></p><p>你还记得两三年前的境况吗？你上次旅游的地方是哪里？随着入境检疫措施放缓，香港人逐渐拾回旅行的节奏，重新搜集地图上的风和日丽。笔者记得曾经在阿姆斯特丹前往荷兰北部的艾夫特琳主题公园，在火车上听着《旅行的意义》，酣然入梦。当时的我，摸不透旅行的意义，体会到旅行的过程不全然是快乐的，遇上的人与事也不一定全存着善意。只是相信无论如何，旅行的所见所闻所经历的，终归也属于自己，这些经历从此便是“我”的一部分。</p><p>事隔多年，世界的秩序变了，旅行的珍贵再次浮现。重新出发之前，或许我们可以重新思索旅行的意义：</p><p style="text-align: center; ">旅行为我们的心理带来什么正面力量？</p><p style="text-align: center; ">为何旅行仿佛对心灵有着股魔力？</p><p style="text-align: justify;">在这里，我们会从心理学角度探讨旅行的意义。</p><h2><strong>旅行给予我什么？</strong></h2><p style="text-align: justify;">在压迫的都市生活，权力仿佛是每天经历的课题。可能是上司和下属、家庭成员间、浪漫关系间，权力都在微妙地为各种关系带来变化。然而，外游一趟时，决策的权力回到自己手上，不论是计划行程、在旅行途中，我的计划由我定，自己是旅程的 “Big Boss”，在心理学是“赋权”的过程。心理学所指的<strong>赋权</strong>能够“充分反映一个人对事情的<strong>掌控感</strong>，<strong>积极参与</strong>自己的角色，富<strong>内在动机</strong>。”旅行的过程给予旅者种种做决定的能力，旅者自己订立行程和目标，成就了<strong>自我赋权</strong>。<br></p><p style="text-align: justify;">值得一提的是，网络资讯流通的世代能够提升旅者自我赋权的能力。无论是Youtube的影片、Instagram或Facebook内的游记，甚至是Netflix内的纪录片（如《世界小吃：亚洲/ 拉丁美洲》 ）；这些<strong>用家原创内容</strong>（User Generated Content）提供了大量清晰和丰富的资讯，使旅者更能设计出符合自己心水的行程，避过可预料的伏位。不仅提高了旅者的自主性，亦提高他们在旅程中<strong>解决问题的能力</strong>，以及对<strong>自我能力的认同</strong>。</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><img src="/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/58_Set_Travel_Goal.webp" alt="travel goal" style="width: 100%; max-width: 570px; height: auto; max-height: 402px;margin:auto"><br></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><strong></strong></p><h2><strong>不经意发现的美好事物：“Serendipity”</strong></h2><p> 阅读<em>Eat, Pray, Love</em>（一个人的旅行） 时，很喜欢一个意大利词汇 “Bel far niente”，意思是“无所事事之美”。不同旅者的游历风格不一，但有一个共同点是，旅行时总能不经意发掘美好的人和事，久而久之也诞生了<strong> "serendipity"（不经意发现的美好事物）</strong>这个词语。</p><p>旅行中这种难以预料的可能性，甚至可以减少平日常出现的<strong>“享乐适应”（hedonic adaptation）</strong>。人类对于“愉快”或“痛苦”的情绪都会有种适应力；享乐适应形容快乐感无法维持太久，如果我们想要感受同样程度的快乐，通常要得到更多满足，有如永无停歇的循环，故也有“享乐跑步机”（hedonic treadmill）之称。</p><p>有韩国研究调查200多位旅客的生活满意度，发现他们的<strong>生活满意度在旅行前的15天提升</strong>，并在<strong>旅行后一个月内维持</strong>。除了是计划旅程时的<strong>预期喜悦（anticipatory joy）</strong>，相信也是 “serendipity” 和 “savoring”（“品味”，即有意识地享受当下的正面情绪，增强生活里正向经验的能力）在发挥作用，使快乐感延长。</p><p>笔者曾经和Airbnb认识的旅人，结伴到哥本哈根的克里斯钦自由城（Christiania），一个宣称无政府主义、实行公社制度的区域，住着不少艺术家、音乐家、无家者、吸毒者和其他社会边缘分子。看着旅伴在档前和戴上面具的毒贩进行买卖、坐在地上吸大麻、看格陵兰人在寮屋阁楼睡觉，边走着边大开眼界，甚至进入<strong>心流（flow）</strong>的状态，浑然忘我地沉浸在旅行的心智状态。那个奇异的晚上多年来也牢牢记在脑海里。</p><p><img src="/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/1440-Christiania.webp" alt="Christiania daytime" style="width: 100%; max-width: 603px; height: auto; max-height: 338px;margin:auto"></p><p><img src="/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/810-Christiania_2015_06.webp" alt="Christiania" style="font-size: 1em; font-family: var(--bs-font-sans-serif); width: 100%; max-width: 603px; max-height: 338px; margin: auto;"><br></p><p>（日间的克里斯钦自由城。图片来源：<a href="https://www.contiki.com/six-two/8-things-to-know-about-christiania-copenhagens-free-town/" style="font-size: 1em; font-family: var(--bs-font-sans-serif);">Contiki</a>）</p><p>而事实上，研究指出，<strong>体验性的消费（experimental purchase）</strong>如旅游、去主题公园、上瑜珈班等，相比物质上的消费（material purchase）如买衣服和手袋，为人们带来<strong>更大的满足感</strong>。首先，体验性的消费更容易帮助建立个人身份和形象、增进社交关系；同时也相对较少机会将经历与别人比较。</p><p><strong></strong></p><h2><strong>旅行的意义：让我对这世界好奇</strong></h2><p>期刊Nature Neuroscience在疫情前，研究纽约市和迈亚密共132个人，为期三至四个月，以了解日常生活中的行程变化如何影响快乐感。除了计算他们的抑郁和焦虑指数，亦请他们安装全球定位系统和定时回答有关情绪状态的讯息。结果，研究人员发现参加者如<strong>同一天到访更多地方</strong>，并在这些地方待相若时间，他们更倾向<strong>拥有“快乐”、“兴奋”、“轻松”等正面情绪</strong>，能够被新奇的事物刺激。<br></p><p>有些参加者的磁力共振（MRI）扫描显示，<strong>新奇和多元化的日常</strong><strong>经历</strong><strong>能够激活纹状体，也是大脑中处理新奇事物和奖励的部分</strong>。该研究再而指出，每天看到更多风景转换、有更多<strong>环境带来的感官和认知刺激</strong>（environmental enrichment）、有更多元化经历的人<strong>倾向更快乐</strong>。</p><p>走访陌生的地方能带我们走出习惯性的生活规律，放下既有的生活模式和习惯、甚至是固有想法、学习以新的方式处事、在旅程中学习调节期望与现实之间的落差；在好奇心和开放的态度下重拾初心，提升幸福荷尔蒙。</p><p><img src="/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/23_Feeling_And_Sensation.webp" alt="serendipity" style="width: 100%; max-width: 570px; height: auto; max-height: 402px;margin:auto"><br></p><p>说到这里，可能你会暗忖：“咁几时到我去旅行？”以旅游作为疗愈身心的自我关怀方法，的确令人期待。但假如我们能够将旅行中发掘新奇事物的精神，融入日常生活里，每一天也可以是一种历险。上述研究指出，即使是日常的微少行程转变，例如在家里运动、到家附近的街道散步、走一条新的的路线去杂货店，也可能产生类似的精神效益。</p><p>我们能够将这种探索世界的初心渗透日常，例如在每天或每周的时间表中，安排几件行程以外的事，走一条新路线上班、在周末发掘一间新餐厅午膳、看一本新书/ 一出戏，为自己安排新的体验。将好奇心放入日常，每天也是一段旅程。</p><p>引用Ralph Waldo Emerson的一句：“我们走遍世界寻找美，但我们必须要怀揣著美，否则就无处可寻。”（Though we travel the world over to find the beautiful, we must carry it with us or we find it not.）</p><p>让我们对这世界好奇，信自己的真理。</p><p><br></p><p><strong> 参考资料： </strong></p> <p class="apa"> Mendes-Filho, Luiz & Mills, Annette & Tan, Felix & Milne, Simon. (2018). Empowering the traveler: an examination of the impact of user-generated content on travel planning. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing. 35. 425-436. 10.1080/10548408.2017.1358237. </p> <p class="apa"> Kwon, Jangwook & Lee, Hoon. (2020). Why travel prolongs happiness: Longitudinal analysis using a latent growth model. Tourism Management. 76. 103944. 10.1016/j.tourman.2019.06.019. </p> <p class="apa"> Heller, A. S., Shi, T. C., Ezie, C., Reneau, T. R., Baez, L. M., Gibbons, C. J., & Hartley, C. A. (2020). Association between real-world experiential diversity and positive affect relates to hippocampal-striatal functional connectivity. Nature neuroscience, 23(7), 800–804. <a class="reference" href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41593-020-0636-4">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41593-020-0636-4</a></p><p class="apa"> Gilovich, T., Kumar, A., & Jampol, L. (2015). A wonderful life: Experiential consumption and the pursuit of happiness. Journal of Consumer Psychology, 25(1), 152–165. <a class="reference" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcps.2014.08.004">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcps.2014.08.004</a></p> <p class="apa"> Edith Cowan University. (2022, June 23). 'Travel therapy': Could holidays help mental health and wellbeing?. ScienceDaily. Retrieved December 1, 2022 from <a class="reference" href="www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2022/06/220623091229.htm">www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2022/06/220623091229.htm</a> </p> <p class="apa"> Travel And Exploration Spark Happiness, Study Suggests. </p><p class="apa"><a class="reference" href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/jonisweet/2020/05/22/travel-increases-happiness-study-finds/?sh=55eda9896793">https://www.forbes.com/sites/jonisweet/2020/05/22/travel-increases-happiness-study-finds/?sh=55eda9896793</a> </p> <p class="apa"> Tourism as a dementia treatment based on positive psychology. <a class="reference" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0261517722000693">https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0261517722000693</a> </p> </div> <div class="flex flex-row flex-wrap justify-start my-6 gap-3 mt-5 overflow-x-scroll no-scrollbar"> <div class="rounded-full h-7 flex items-center justify-center px-3 border border-primary text-primary font-medium leading-tight">微观心理学</div> <div class="rounded-full h-7 flex items-center justify-center px-3 border border-primary text-primary font-medium leading-tight">自我探索</div> </div> <div class="bg-primary-lightest rounded-3xl p-6 flex flex-row"> <img src="/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/emoji_calm-96x96.webp" class="h-12 w-12 sm:h-16 sm:w-16 rounded-full mr-4 md:mr-8 flex-shrink-0" alt="author profile pic"> <div class="flex-grow"> <p class="text-primary-dark text-base font-medium">Ruby Liu MY</p> <p class="text-primary-dark text-sm mt-2">「赛马会心导游+计划」心理健康推广主任</p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="hidden lg:flex relative w-88 flex-shrink-0 flex-col justify-start"> <div class="sticky top-20 flex flex-col items-stretch pl-16 xl:pl-24 pt-8 overflow-visible"> <div class="w-full h-44 overflow-hidden"> <img class="w-32 h-auto mx-auto" src="https://www.jcthplus.org/wp-content/themes/1.0/assets/images/tour-guide-boon-cn.png" alt="Boon tour guide image"> </div> <div class="w-full bg-avatar-light rounded-xl flex flex-col p-5 items-center shadow"> <h4 class="text-primary-darker font-NotoSansSC text-2xl leading-tight">免费登记</h4> <p class="text-primary-darker my-4 text-13 text-center">一站式心理自疗平台，纾解情绪，照顾心理健康</p> <a href="/register" class="auth-url bg-primary w-full rounded-full text-white font-bold h-8 flex items-center justify-center px-5 mt-3 hover:bg-primary-dark">开始旅程</a> </div> <div class="flex flex-row items-center justify-center space-x-4 mt-7"> <button class="rounded-full w-8 h-8 flex items-center justify-center border" :class="is_favorited ? 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