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<div class="rounded-full h-7 flex items-center justify-center px-3 border border-primary text-primary font-medium leading-tight">微觀心理學</div> <div class="rounded-full h-7 flex items-center justify-center px-3 border border-primary text-primary font-medium leading-tight">自我探索</div> </div> <div class="relative mt-8 sm:mt-16 w-full bg-avatar-light rounded-xl flex flex-row items-stretch shadow lg:hidden"> <div class="flex-grow flex flex-col items-start p-5 mr-32"> <h4 class="text-primary-darker font-jinxuanlatte text-2xl leading-tight">免費登記</h4> <p class="text-primary-darker my-4 text-13">一站式心理自療平台，紓解情緒，照顧心理健康。</p> <a href="/register" class="bg-primary rounded-full text-white font-bold h-8 flex items-center justify-center px-5 hover:bg-primary-dark">開始旅程</a> </div> <img class="absolute w-28 sm:w-32 right-5 bottom-0 h-auto flex-shrink-0" src="https://www.jcthplus.org/wp-content/themes/1.0/assets/images/tour-guide-boon-zh.png" alt="Boon tour guide image"> </div> <div class="py-8 space-y-4 article-content text-content leading-loose mt-5"> <p style="text-align: justify;"><img src="/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/103-relationships_keys-scaled.webp" alt="emotional availability"><br></p><p style="text-align: justify;">打開討論區如Reddit和Threads，經常會看見各種形容特殊關係狀況的詞彙——例如“Ghosting”、“Situationship”、“Breadcrumbing”等。這些詞彙形象化地反映情感交流的質素，例如<strong>“Ghosting”</strong>是指關係中的一方如幽靈般無聲無息、沒任何解釋便消失且不回覆訊息；<strong>“Situationship”</strong>則由“Situation”和“Relationship”組合而成，指的是關係曖昧不明、雙方似乎已踏入情侶關係，卻又遲遲未為關係作出承諾；<strong>“Breadcrumbing”</strong>則形容一方的互動方式有如灑麵包屑，偶爾傳來一個“Hey”、meme或emoji，彷如情感釣餌，僅足以保持聯繫，但未隨時間提升交流的深度。當你提出問題或表達情感時，他們可能會以迴避或幽默的方式模糊帶過。</p><p style="text-align: justify;">這些關係現象常為人討論——到底他們是不願意為一段關係作出承諾、不想花心力去溝通？對另一方不夠喜歡？抑或其實是情感封閉，未準備好或不懂如何在情感上與別人連結？</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>在此文章，我們會帶你探索「情感可及性」，親密關係中連結的基石。</strong></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><img src="/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/jsut-2-people-sitting-scaled.webp" alt="communication"><strong><br></strong></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><strong></strong></p><h2 style="text-align: justify;"><strong>你能夠在情感上和別人連結嗎？</strong></h2><p style="text-align: justify;">學者指出，情感可及性（Emotional Availability，EA）是指<strong>一個人和他人作情感連結的意願和能力</strong>。情感可及性在心理學上主要應用於親子關係，但亦能<strong>反映其他親密關係的互動和質素</strong>，如伴侶、摯友、兄弟姐妹之間的相處。我們將<strong>情感可及性量表（Emotional Availability Scale，EAS）</strong>套用於各種親密關係上：</p><ol><li><strong>敏感度（Sensitivity）：</strong>準確地識別和理解對方的<strong>情感信號</strong>，觀察對方的肢體語言、語調和情緒；並<strong>透過<a href="https://www.jcthplus.org/article/love-language-and-love-map-explained-debunking-the-five-love-languages" target="_self">行動和情緒表達</a>作出回應 </strong></li><li><strong>結構性（Structuring）：</strong>通過互動，開放地<strong>陪伴或引領對方</strong>探索情感和需求</li><li><strong>不侵擾（Non-intrusiveness）：</strong>尊重界線，給予對方舒適的個人空間</li><li><strong>不帶敵意（Non-hostility）：</strong>調節自己的消極情緒，不發洩在對方身上</li><li><strong>反應靈敏度（Responsiveness）：</strong>回應對方傳達的情感</li><li><strong>參與度（Involvement）：</strong><strong>積極參與及了解</strong>彼此的想法、感受和經歷</li></ol><p style="text-align: justify;">情感可及性強調<strong>對他人情感需求的反應度（Emotional Responsiveness）</strong>，例如<strong>對伴侶愉悅或低落情緒的回應</strong>，以及能否<strong>作出協調（Attunement）</strong>以滿足對方的需求。情感可及性反映了關係中<strong>雙方在情感上覺察、感知、經歷和表達的能力</strong>。</p><p>例如，當對方<strong>經歷低潮時</strong>（如找不到工作、和家人爭執），情緒可及性較高的人會積極傾聽對方的分享、展現真誠的同理心、給予支持；而當對方<strong>情緒高漲時</strong>（如分享今天遇見的好人好事），也能接收並回應對方的愉快情緒，願意和對方作深層的交流、展現親密感。<strong>他們的互動和反應穩定而可預測</strong>，會肯定對方的經歷；同時會分享自己的想法和感受，接受反饋，不會迴避困難的對話，願意披露深層的自己，也願意面對自己的過失並作出實際改變 。</p><p>情感可及性<strong>幫助親密關係建立深厚的情感連結，全面理解和支持彼此的需求</strong>；提升信任、開放溝通和關係滿意度，並在面對關係挑戰或意見分歧時展現韌性。對個人而言，情感可及性還有助<strong>提升自我覺察</strong>，有效調節情緒並清晰表達需求。</p><p><img src="/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/communicate-copy.webp" alt="connection"><br></p><p><strong></strong></p><h2><strong>什麼是情感封閉？</strong></h2><p>相反，情感封閉（Emotional Unavailability）形容<strong>一個人在關係中，無法與自己或對方的情感建立連結</strong>；這可能表現為迴避討論/表達自己的感受和經歷、未能回應對方的情感需求、迴避親密感，令關係無法邁進。這與<strong>情感不成熟（Emotional Immaturity）</strong>聽起來相似，但後者指的是<strong>一個人傾向不受控或過度地表達情感</strong>，例如難以克制自己不對別人發怒、未能覺察和深入地分享自己的感受、難以承認錯誤、及難以建立安全健康的關係等。</p><p><strong></strong></p><h2><strong>情感封閉的跡象包括⋯⋯</strong></h2><ul><li><strong>情感疏離（Emotional Distancing）：</strong>在情感上抽離或疏遠、避免親密感，並迴避討論情緒或想法</li><li><strong>避免脆弱性（Avoidance of Vulnerability）：</strong>對另一方隱藏脆弱面和情感，導致關係中缺乏情感親密感和信任</li><li><strong>對如何表達或理解情感感到困難</strong></li></ul><p>情感封閉令關係中的<strong>另一方感到孤獨、不解、被拒絕、持續內耗等</strong>。而<strong>不一致的信號會激活大腦的壓力反應</strong>，釋放皮質醇，讓人保持高度警覺；持續的不確定性令關係難以建立信任、穩定感和安全感。</p><p><img src="/wp-content/uploads/2025/10/20205744/151-scaled.webp" alt="emotional unavailability"><br></p><p>有心理學家指出，情感封閉的人可能在童年時經歷過<strong>情感忽視（Emotional Neglect）</strong>，因而不明白表達情感的重要性。隨著長大，他們可能發展出<a href="https://www.jcthplus.org/article/what-is-attachment-theory" target="_self">迴避型依附的傾向和風格</a>，抑壓<a href="https://www.jcthplus.org/article/what-happens-in-your-brain-when-you-fall-in-love" target="_self">親密關係</a>的重要性、避免依賴對方而自我依賴，對表達和滿足自己的情感需求感到猶豫或不自覺，也未必懂得如何回應對方需要；甚至可能重演小時候<a href="https://www.jcthplus.org/article/family-of-origin-and-self-worth" target="_self">照顧者對待自己的態度和行為</a>。</p><p>由此可見，<strong>照顧者的情感可及性深深影響著孩子的依附風格</strong>，以至孩子長大後在其他親密關係的情感可及性。此外，情感封閉也可能<strong>和個人恐懼</strong>（如害怕被拒絕和不被接受）、及<strong>過往的親密關係經歷有關</strong>，假如曾被背叛、拒絕、拋棄等，都可能令人傾向保持情緒距離、避免展現脆弱，或掙扎於如何面對情緒。</p><p>在這依賴網絡溝通的時代，情感關係的複雜性讓許多人感到困惑；有時候，我們會透過埋藏和壓抑情緒來保護自己，卻漸漸地再聽不到內在真實情緒的聲音。<strong>要知道，好好感受和表達自己、理解和回應別人的情感，是親密關係中不可或缺的養分</strong>——想被看見、被理解，也必先願意展現完整真實的自己。</p><p><br></p><p><strong> 參考資料： </strong></p><p class="apa"> Biringen, Z., & Easterbrooks, M. A. (2012). Emotional availability: Concept, research, and window on developmental psychopathology. <em>Development and Psychopathology, 24</em>(1), 1–8. <a class="reference" href="https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954579411000617" target="_self">https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954579411000617</a> </p> <p class="apa"> Saunders, H., Kraus, A., Barone, L., & Biringen, Z. (2015). Emotional availability: theory, research, and intervention. <em>Frontiers in psychology, 6</em>, 1069. <a class="reference" href="https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01069" target="_self">https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01069</a> </p> <p class="apa"> Biringen, Z., Derscheid, D., Vliegen, N., Closson, L., & Easterbrooks, M. A. (2014). Emotional availability (EA): Theoretical background, empirical research using the EA Scales, and clinical applications. <em>Developmental Review, 34</em>(2), 114–167. <a class="reference" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dr.2014.01.002" target="_self">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dr.2014.01.002</a> </p> <p class="apa"> Langlais, M., Podberesky, A., Toohey, L. et al. Defining and Describing Situationships: An Exploratory Investigation. <em>Sexuality & Culture 28</em>, 1831–1857 (2024). <a class="reference" href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s12119-024-10210-6" target="_self">https://doi.org/10.1007/s12119-024-10210-6</a> </p> <p class="apa"> Emotional Availability: Cultivating Healthy Relationships. <em>Couples Counselling Centre</em>. Retrieved from <a class="reference" href="https://couplescounsellingcentre.com/couples-counseling/emotional-availability-cultivating-healthy-relationships/" target="_self">https://couplescounsellingcentre.com/couples-counseling/emotional-availability-cultivating-healthy-relationships/</a> </p> <p class="apa"> Mark Travers. (2025). 3 Texting Red Flags That Reveal Emotional Unavailability, By A Psychologist.<em> Forbes</em>. Retrieved from <a class="reference" href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/traversmark/2025/05/15/3-texting-red-flags-that-reveal-emotional-unavailability-by-a-psychologist/" target="_self">https://www.forbes.com/sites/traversmark/2025/05/15/3-texting-red-flags-that-reveal-emotional-unavailability-by-a-psychologist/</a> </p> <p class="apa"> Arasteh Gatchpazian. (2025). Emotional Unavailability: Definition, Causes, & Signs. <em>Berkeley Well Being Institute</em>. Retrieved from <a class="reference" href="https://www.berkeleywellbeing.com/emotional-unavailability.html" target="_self">https://www.berkeleywellbeing.com/emotional-unavailability.html</a> </p> <p class="apa"> Emotional Availability Test. <em>Psychology Today</em>. Retrieved from <a class="reference" href="https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/tests/relationships/emotional-availability-test" target="_self">https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/tests/relationships/emotional-availability-test</a> </p> </div> <div class="flex flex-row flex-wrap justify-start my-6 gap-3 mt-5 overflow-x-scroll no-scrollbar"> <div class="rounded-full h-7 flex items-center justify-center px-3 border border-primary text-primary font-medium leading-tight">人際關係</div> <div class="rounded-full h-7 flex items-center justify-center px-3 border border-primary text-primary font-medium leading-tight">心理健康 101</div> <div class="rounded-full h-7 flex items-center justify-center px-3 border border-primary text-primary font-medium leading-tight">微觀心理學</div> <div class="rounded-full h-7 flex items-center justify-center px-3 border border-primary text-primary font-medium leading-tight">自我探索</div> </div> <div class="bg-primary-lightest rounded-3xl p-6 flex flex-row"> <img src="/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/emoji_calm-96x96.webp" class="h-12 w-12 sm:h-16 sm:w-16 rounded-full mr-4 md:mr-8 flex-shrink-0" alt="author profile pic"> <div class="flex-grow"> <p class="text-primary-dark text-base font-medium">Ruby Liu MY</p> <p class="text-primary-dark text-sm mt-2">「賽馬會心導遊+計劃」心理健康推廣主任</p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="hidden lg:flex relative w-88 flex-shrink-0 flex-col justify-start"> <div class="sticky top-20 flex flex-col items-stretch pl-16 xl:pl-24 pt-8 overflow-visible"> <div class="w-full h-44 overflow-hidden"> <img class="w-32 h-auto mx-auto" src="https://www.jcthplus.org/wp-content/themes/1.0/assets/images/tour-guide-boon-zh.png" alt="Boon tour guide image"> </div> <div class="w-full bg-avatar-light rounded-xl flex flex-col p-5 items-center shadow"> <h4 class="text-primary-darker font-jinxuanlatte text-2xl leading-tight">免費登記</h4> <p class="text-primary-darker my-4 text-13 text-center">一站式心理自療平台，紓解情緒，照顧心理健康</p> <a href="/register" class="auth-url bg-primary w-full rounded-full text-white font-bold h-8 flex items-center justify-center px-5 mt-3 hover:bg-primary-dark">開始旅程</a> </div> <div class="flex flex-row items-center justify-center space-x-4 mt-7"> <button class="rounded-full w-8 h-8 flex items-center justify-center border" :class="is_favorited ? 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